Thailand Historical Parks

Historical objects and sites are a testimony to every country's civilisation and cultural heritage. They serve to bridge the gap between past and present and instil in the people a sense of belonging and pride and the importance of cherishing their invaluable legacy.

In April 1987, the government officially opened Thailand's first historical park, the Muang Sing Historical Park in Kanchanaburi. Today, 10 historical parks have been opened - three of which have received the honour of being designated World Heritage Sites.

The 10 historical parks are Muang Singh, Phanom Rung, Sukhothai, Si Satchanalai, Kamphaeng Phet, Sri Thep, Phimai, Ayutthaya, Phra Nakhon Khiri and Phu Phra Bat. They are the result of hard work of the Fine Arts Department in the excavation, renovation and landscaping for several decades. Each of these parks in now equipped with a tourist and information centre and provides qualified guides.

This is one of the most important sites in the Khwai Noi River basin in Kanchanaburi. Prehistoric human skeletons have been discovered near the ancient city, together with metal tools, vessels and ornaments, bricks, foundations of Dvaravati period architecture and laterite ruins from the 13th century. The remains of the ancient city comprise several layers of rectangular walls and a moat. The annual festival within the historical park is the "Thin Buri Sri Chai Sing" featuring a light and sound show and classical dances.

Contact Muang Sing Historical Park, Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi,
Tell / Fax: 0 3459 1122 or 0 3479 9566.

The Northeast includes many historical monuments in the Khmer style from prehistoric times to the 13th century. Among these, Prasat Hin Khao Phanom Rung is one of the most important. This is the only Khmer religious monument constructed on a natural mountain.

Restorations have made a great contribution to the study of Khmer architecture in Thailand. A special festival is Phanom Rung Fair, held either March or April each year.

Contact Phanom Rung Historical Park, Nang Rong District, Buri Ram,
Tel / Fax: 044631746.

Sukhothai is the oldest central Thai capital founded in the middle of the 13th century. The city comprises of palaces and important religious monuments, all surrounded by walls and a moat. The ancient city gates can be found in the middle of the walls, which are square in plan. Also outside the walls are scattered monuments in ruins. The opening of Sukhothai Historical Park heralded a new era in conservation of the national heritage. With its distinctive artistic and architectural style, Sukhothai Historical Park was proclaimed by Unesco as a World Heritage Site in 1990. Traditional festivities to celebrate the Loi Krathong Festival are held in November each year.

Contact Sukhothai Historical Park, Muang District, Sukhothai,
Tel / Fax: 0 5561 1110.

A satellite town of the Sukhothai, Si Satchanalai is located on the bank of Yom River, 50 kilometres from modern Sukhothai. Ruins of 134 monuments have been discovered in the park. The city plan was laid out along fixed cosmologicallines - temple complexes lay at its heart, surrounded by city walls, rivers and forest. It is considered by many historians to be the apogee of Thai city planning.

On account of its relation to the Kingdom of Sukhothai, it was selected to be on the World Heritage List in 1990. The annual Songkran Festival is held in April within the historical park itself and throughout the province.

Contact Si Satchanalai Historical Park, Si Satchanalai District, Sukhothai,
Fel / Fax: 055641571 or 0 5567 9211.

Khamphaeng Phet was an important city of the Sukhothai Kingdom from the 13th to 15th centuries. The earliest mention of the city appears in the stone inscriptions from Wat Mahathat and Wat Phra Sri in Kamphaeng Phet. The Ayutthaya annuals mention that this city was known as "Muang Chakangrau" and was ruled by a prince from Sukhothai. Cultural and folk festivities are held in April each year to celebrate the Nop Phra Len Pleng Festival.

Contact Kamphaeng Phet Historical Park, Muang District, Kamphaeng Phet,
Tel / Fax: 05571 1921.

The large ancient city of Sri Thep in the Pasak River basin served as a centre of communications between the cities in central Thailand and those in the North and Northeast for a long period. Archaeological excavations conducted in the Pasak and Lop Buri river basins have revealed that highly-developed prehistoric cultures flourished with more advanced technology than that of any other sites in neighbouring areas.

Contact Sri Thep Historical Park, Sri Thep District, Phetchabun,
Tell / Fax: 0 5679 9466.

The largest stone monument in the Northeast is Prasat Hin Phimai in Phimai Historical Park. It was erected for the practice of Mahayana Buddhism in the early 12th century. This particular monument became the prototype of Angkor Wat in Cambodia, which makes it of even greater historical and aesthetic importance. An annual Phimai Festival within the historical park is held in November. Festivities include a special light and sound show and classical dances.

Contact Phimai Historical Park, Phimai District, Nakhon Ratchasima,
Tell / Fax: 0 4447 1568.

From the 14th to 18th centuries, Ayutthaya was the capital of the central Thai Kingdom for 417 years. With influences from Dvaravati, Khmer, Mon, and Lawa cultures, Ayutthaya was able to create its own arts and culture from a delicate blend of those cultures. During the reigns of 33 kings, Ayutthaya gave Thailand a great number of fine buildings, monuments and works of art. It was selected as a World Heritage Site in 1994. An annual festival, Ayutthaya World Heritage Day, is held in December within the historical park.

Contact Ayutthaya Historical Park, Klong Tor Road, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya,
Tel / Fax: 035242448.

Phra Nakhon Khiri Historical Park is in Phetchaburi Province, an important satellite city of Ayutthaya. Commonly called Khao Wang (the palace on the mountain), it was built on top of Samana mountain as a summer palace for King Rama IV. Within the park area are royal halls, temples and groups of buildings, constructed in harmonious Thai, Western neoclassic and Chinese architectural styles. The museum on the western hilltop exhibits some royal paraphernalia of King Rama IV and King Rama V, decorative sculptures, and ceramics from China, Japan and Europe. To reach the hilltop, one can either walk or take a cable car. The Phra Nakhon Khiri Fair is held each year with lots of activities to promote tourism to the site and a trade fair of local handicrafts

Contact Phra Nakhon Khiri Historical Park, Muang District, Phetchaburi,
Tell / Fax: 0 3242 5600.

The park is situated on the Phu Phra Bat hill of Phu Phan Mountain. There are 62 archaeological and cultural sites offering prehistoric rock paintings from about 4,000 to 2,000 years ago. There are also many historical artefacts from Dvaravati and Khmer cultures. Within the historical park is also the site of a stupa constructed during the 1920s, and a Buddha's footprint. Festivities for tourists are held each year in October in the park and its vicinity to celebrate Usabaros Day and Ban Chiang World Heritage Day.

Contact Phu Phra Bat Historical Park, Ban Pue District, Udon Thani,
Tel / Fax: 0 2422 2909.

Thailand also has its own species of dinosaur and distinctive neolithic cave paintings. The best place to visit is the northeastern plateau because this region offers the greatest variety with easy access. Just 59 kilometres from Udon Thani, for example, lies the world-famous village of Ban Chiang with its marvellous pottery.

Archaeological digs at Ban Prasat in Khon Kaen turned up pottery and artefacts that bespeak a sophisticated civilisation.

A short drive to the south of Kalasin and Khon Kaen provinces, Thailand's own "Jurassic Parks" are taking shape especially at Phu Wiang National Park. Star exhibit is Siamotyrannus isanensis (Isan is the local name for the region), smaller than Tyrannosaurus rex, but 20 million years the oldest example of the fierce, meat-eating tyrannosaurus ever found. Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae is the plant-eating dinosaur found in Phu Wiang in 1984. It is named in honour of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn.